The Wild Fish Conservancy (WFC), a charitable non-profit group from Washington State, has been pushing litigation against state, federal, and tribal natural resource managers in order to stop the production of hatchery salmon and steelhead.They have recently been victorious in legal action against the Lower Elwha Klallam Indian tribe for the Tribe’s desire to produce hatchery-reared fish for harvest, rights secured by federal treaty.
Over two months ago, WFC threatened legal action against Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife for their production of Chambers Creek winter steelhead. WFC's argument for the legal action is that the Chambers steelhead stocks harm ESA-listed steelhead, chinook and bull trout.
WFC’s motive is simple: they want salmon and steelhead hatcheries eliminated. WFC wants hatcheries eliminated because they are under the impression that hatchery salmon and steelhead are suppressing the ability of depressed wild stocks to recover. The sad reality is wild stocks throughout the Pacific Northwest are depressed or declining because of habitat destruction and alteration. The habitat that was once capable of supporting millions of returning adult salmon and steelhead is severely affected by dams, which fragment habitat, restrict passage for adult and juvenile fish, and alter flow regimes which create unseasonable temperatures and limited spawning areas. Furthermore, flood protection was built on nearly every river in the Northwest and has been documented to have removed up to 90% of historic spawning and rearing channels in certain important river basins. Flood protection is also well-documented to channelize rivers which reduces suitable spawning gravels and nearly eliminates the accumulation of valuable large woody debris.
We could write extensively about all of the known factors that suppress the ability of depressed wild populations to recover: sedimentation from logging, agriculture and development; the increasing discharge of toxic urban runoff; the disrupted trophic regimes of critical estuarine areas; a history of river channel alteration to aid downstream log transport. Most importantly, we can describe that where hatchery production has been reduced or eliminated, wild fish have not responded in a way some people anticipated: the wild populations have not responded with an increase in population abundance. Additionally, there are many rivers throughout the Pacific Northwest that have no known presence of hatchery-origin fish, and the native, wild populations have exhibited a similar trend as most rivers in the Northwest: a gradual population decline or stagnant, depressed population abundance.
Placing the blame of wild salmon and steelhead population declines on hatcheries is illogical and naïve. This misplacedblame exonerates the true reasons for population declines and erases a long history of intensive resource extraction, pollution and development. Furthermore, pushing to end hatchery production significantly reduces incentive for recovery. Throughout resource conservation history, it has been proven that the stakeholders are the sole voice for conservation. In the case of the Pacific Northwest, the anglers, commercial fishers, and tribal fishers are the stakeholders. If there is no one present to place intrinsic value on a resource, there is very little incentive to protect the resource. This idea can be evidenced in other parts of the United States where listed species have no stakeholders to provide a voice for them resulting in little desire to preserve and promote their abundance and very limited funding availability necessary for recovery.
We are sport anglers, commercial fishers, tribal fishers, conservationists and concern citizens. We are the stakeholders. We are asking the Wild Fish Conservancy and other non-profit groups with the intension to reduce or eliminate hatchery production to focus their resources towards issues that willprovide a measurable benefit. Eliminating the Chambers steelhead programs will not protect wild populations from harm and it certainly will not provide a beneficial outcome. By initiating litigation, the WFC alienates vast numbers of people who should otherwise be their allies and partners in the shared goal of salmon and steelhead recovery. We all share a common vision for recovery for these species, but recovery cannot come with the hefty price of eliminating opportunity and incentive.
Scott Weedman
http://www.3riversmarine.comhttp://www.alaskakingsalmonadventures.com